Matičná Doska

Matičná doska obsahuje tzv. zbernicu - sadu konektorov umožňujúce pripojiť rozširujúce karty, soket - konektor pre pripojenie procesora, pamäťové sloty - pre pripojenie pamäťových modulov, IDE alebo SATA konektory pre pripojenie mechaník (optické, alebo pevné disky) a sadu konektorov pre pripojenie ovládačov, kontroliek a výstupov počítačovej skrinky. Dôležitou súčasťou matičnej dosky je BIOS - čip obsahujúci riadiaci program matičnej dosky, s možnosťou uloženia voliteľných parametrov a nastavení. Doska zároveň obsahuje hodinový obvod s reálnym časom. Nastavenia BIOSU sú zálohované batériou, ktorá zároveň zabezpečuje chod hodín aj pri odpojenom napájaní.
Štandardizácia umožnila rozvoj počítačovej techniky. Vśetky neštandardné karty, konektory a zariadenia, ktoré sa neprispôsobili postupne zanikli. Vznikol tzv. PC štandard a predajné sú len komponenty so štandardom kompatibilné. Zbernica predstavuje rozhranie pre rozširujúce karty, karty musia byť vybavené štandardizovaným konektorom (napr. PCI, AGP, PCIE, USB ...) ktorý musí elektricky, mechanicky a komunikačne "sedieť" s konektorom, do ktorého sa rozširujúce zariadenie zapája. Vonkajší konektor so svojimi mechanicko - elektronicko - komunikačnými vlastnosťami preto označujeme ako port (voľne preložené prístav, brána). Viacerým zariadeniam je umožnené pripojenie rôznym sôsobom - pomocou rôznych portov, pričom funkcia zariadenia ostáva rovnaká (myš môžme pripojiť cez COM konektor, PS/2 konektor alebo cez USB konektor ...).
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